Major health threats in Uganda include food and waterborne diseases such as bacterial diarrhea, Hepatitis A and Typhoid fever, as well as vector-borne diseases like malaria, plague and African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness).

A major challenge faced by the health centers that CHIU works with is a lack of resources and infrastructure. For this reason, the diseases listed above and other preventable illnesses often lead to death of local people. CHIU brings medical supplies and volunteer medical professionals to augment local resources. Further, CHIU works toward improved education and implements water and solar infrastructure to support improved health centers.

CHIU also brings patients from the medical center to the nearby Catholic Church for time before the Blessed Sacrament in Adoration. Spiritual healing is as important as physical healing.